The study authors concluded:
Colostrum, both in healthy subjects and high-risk cardiovascular patients, is at least 3 times more effective than vaccination to prevent flu and is very cost-effective.
This conclusion was later corroborated in a second registry study, in which colostrum-based immunomodulators again outperformed flu vaccination, reducing flu episodes by ~40–50%, cutting illness duration by roughly half, and lowering costs by more than 2-fold, while vaccination performed no better than no prevention.
https://open.substack.com/pub/petermcculloughmd/p/study-finds-bovine-colostrum-3-more