
Did you know that one of the most rigorous cholesterol trials in history was kept hidden for 40 years?
I didn’t either and when I learned about it, I was stunned.
Between 1968 and 1973, researchers conducted what should have reshaped nutrition science:
THE MINNESOTA CORONARY EXPERIMENT.
It was a gold-standard, blinded, randomized controlled trial involving 9,423 men and women across six mental institutions and one nursing home. A rare setting allowing precise dietary control
The question was simple:
If saturated fats like butter and beef are replaced with vegetable oils rich in linoleic acid, will lowering cholesterol reduce heart disease and save lives?
The intervention worked exactly as intended.
Cholesterol fell by 13.8%.
On paper, this should have been a success but the outcomes shocked researchers.
Lower cholesterol did NOT reduce mortality.
In fact, for every 30 mg/dL drop, the risk of death INCREASED by 22%.
Even more unsettling, autopsy-confirmed data showed heart attacks were nearly twice as common in the low-saturated-fat, high-vegetable-oil group (41% vs 22%).
Let that sink in.
This wasn’t observational data or food questionnaires. It was controlled feeding, randomization, and autopsy-confirmed outcomes.
And then the data disappeared.
Stored on nine-track tapes, forgotten in a basement, it remained unpublished for 40 years until it was finally recovered and published in The BMJ (2016).
To confirm the findings, researchers went further, running a meta-analysis of similar randomized trials (10,800+ participants) that specifically replaced saturated fat with linoleic-acid-rich vegetable oils.
The result?
No reduction in heart disease
No reduction in all-cause mortality
A trend toward worse outcomes
So why didn’t this change the narrative?
Some argue the linoleic acid dose was too high. Others point to possible trans fats. But the uncomfortable truth remains:
Cholesterol fell and outcomes worsened.
Even more striking, the relationship held across both groups: the lower cholesterol dropped, the higher mortality rose, regardless of diet.
The takeaway isn’t that cholesterol doesn’t matter. It’s that biology is more complex than a single biomarker.
Before demonizing foods like butter and beef or issuing sweeping dietary guidelines, we should ask:
What does the totality of evidence really show?
Who benefits and who might be harmed?
Because sometimes, science doesn’t fail.
Sometimes, it just gets buried.
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